Design and Performance Analysis of Dual-Axis Solar Tracking to Enhance PV Efficiency Using Mamdani Fuzzy Logic Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/aijaset.v6i2.344Abstract
The efficiency of a solar panel (PV) depends on solar radiation. In general, the solar panels will produce maximum power with radiation of 1000 W/m2 at a temperature of 25 oC. The sun's relative position will affect the strength of solar radiation received by the PV. This work aims to implement Mamdani fuzzy logic to optimize sunlight detection by dual-axis solar tracking (DAST) movement. The designed solar tracker consists of a light sensor (light-dependent resistor/LDR) as the input, an Arduino Mega as the controller, and a linear actuator to drive the solar panels. The solar panels used are 100 Wp monocrystalline. Data collection was carried out for 10 hours with time intervals every 10 minutes, starting from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm. Efficiency optimization is reviewed by comparing the output voltage of solar panels using and without sunlight tracking. The test results show that the solar tracker shows significant performance in maximizing the capture of sunlight so that the PV gets optimum radiation. The energy generated by fixed and solar trackers is 0.63 kWh and 0.92 kWh, respectively. The solar tracker also result higher efficiency 4.17% more, it shows that the use of the proposed method can increase the PV efficiency.
References
[1] M. Božiková et al., “The effect of azimuth and tilt angle changes on the energy balance of photovoltaic system installed in the southern slovakia region,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 19, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.3390/app11198998.
[2] H. U. Manzoor, S. M. Aaqib, T. Manzoor, F. Azeem, M. W. Ashraf, and S. Manzoor, “Effect of Optimized Tilt Angle of PV Modules on Solar Irradiance for Residential and Commercial Buildings in Different Cities of Pakistan: Simulation-Based Study,” Energy Sci. Eng., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1831–1845, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1002/ese3.70004.
[3] D. Muhammad, A. Hiendro, and Y. Yandri, “Determination Of Tilt And Azimuth Angles Of Solar Panels At Tanjungpura University Solar Power Plant Using Pvsyst 7.3 Software Simulation,” Telecommunications, Computers, and Electricals Engineering Journal, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 218, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.26418/telectrical.v1i3.72983.
[4] M. Asloune, G. Notton, and C. Voyant, “Quality control of tilted solar irradiance: Asystematic and generalizable procedure,” Renew. Energy, vol. 259, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125090.
[5] R. Melhem, Y. Shaker, F. M. A. Mazen, and A. Abou-Elnour, “Investigation of the Optimum Solar Insolation for PV Systems Considering the Effect of Tilt Angle and Ambient Temperature,” Energies (Basel)., vol. 18, no. 19, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.3390/en18195257.
[6] H. M. Nahim, T. Ibrahim, J. Faraj, S. Ali, M. Khaled, and M. Darwiche, “Optimizing solar panel tilt angles for enhanced energy Production: Case studies in Lebanon,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 73, p. 106720, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106720.
[7] M. S. Khan, M. A. M. Ramli, H. F. Sindi, T. Hidayat, and H. R. E. H. Bouchekara, “Estimation of Solar Radiation on a PV Panel Surface with an Optimal Tilt Angle Using Electric Charged Particles Optimization,” Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 13, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.3390/electronics11132056.
[8] A. Imthiyas, S. Prakash, N. Vijay, A. Alwin Abraham, and B. Ganesh Kumar, “Increasing the efficiency of solar panel by solar tracking system,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing Ltd, Dec. 2020. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/993/1/012124.
[9] W. Sasmitaninghidayah, B. C. Pakartilinuwih, I. Tazi, A. Abtokhi, M. Mutmainnah, and S. Suhaimi, “Development Of An Automatic Sun Tracking System On Solar Panels As Electric Power Supplier At Smart Garden,” Journal of Renewable Energies, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 69–80, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.54966/jreen.v28i1.1287.
[10] M. Hammas, H. Fituri, A. Shour, A. A. Khan, U. A. Khan, and S. Ahmed, “A Hybrid Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System: Combining Light-Sensing and Time-Based GPS for Optimal Energy Efficiency,” Energies (Basel)., vol. 18, no. 1, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.3390/en18010217.
[11] P. Rai, D. Prasad, R. P. Singh, and R. Roy, “A self-powered hybrid dual-axis solar tracker with integrated PV-TEG model for improved grid injection and autonomous operation,” Results in Engineering, vol. 29, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108480.
[12] T. Zou et al., “Research progress and engineering applications of technology-driven strategies for solar tracking systems,” Apr. 01, 2026, Elsevier B.V. doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101901.
[13] Z. Zhang et al., “A novel solar tracking model integrated with bistable composite structures and bimetallic strips,” Compos. Struct., vol. 248, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112506.
[14] A. A. Abed, M. R. El-Marghany, W. M. El-Awady, and A. M. Hamed, “Recent advances in parabolic dish solar concentrators: Receiver design, heat loss reduction, and nanofluid optimization for enhanced efficiency and applications,” Aug. 15, 2024, Elsevier B.V. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.112930.
[15] A. Bahrami, C. O. Okoye, H. H. Pourasl, and V. M. Khojastehnezhad, “Techno-economic comparison of fixed and tracking flat plate solar collectors in the northern hemisphere,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 378, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134523.
[16] M. S. Azam et al., “Performance enhancement of solar PV system introducing semi-continuous tracking algorithm based solar tracker,” Energy, vol. 289, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.129989.
[17] M. O. Okwu et al., “Single-Axis Solar Tracking Systems: A Comprehensive Design and Performance Study,” in Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier B.V., 2025, pp. 2740–2752. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2025.01.334.
[18] R. Rotar, F. M. Petcut, R. Susany, F. Opritoiu, and M. Vladutiu, “Dependability Assessment of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Prototype Using a Maintenance-Oriented Metric System,” Applied System Innovation, vol. 7, no. 4, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.3390/asi7040067.
[19] B. Zhu, L. Wang, J. Wu, H. Cui, and Y. Tian, “Optimal design of a novel dual-axis parallel solar tracker,” Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 39, p. 100108, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.cjme.2025.100108.
[20] B. M. A. R. Mendis, J. C. Kurnia, M. M. Reddy, S. Roy, and S. M. Al-Ameri, “Dual-axis solar tracking system with real-time weather-responsive self-cleaning mechanism for photovoltaic panels,” Renew. Energy, vol. 259, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125084.
[21] B. S. Aprilia, M. Z. Romdlony, J. Raharjo, and Y. G. Sidik, “Fuzzy based sensorless tracking controller on the dual-axis PV panel for optimizing the power production,” JURNAL INFOTEL, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 230–238, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.20895/infotel.v13i4.738.
[22] U. Mamodiya and N. Tiwari, “Dual-axis solar tracking system with different control strategies for improved energy efficiency,” Computers and Electrical Engineering, vol. 111, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2023.108920.
[23] C. Jamroen, P. Komkum, S. Kohsri, W. Himananto, S. Panupintu, and S. Unkat, “A low-cost dual-axis solar tracking system based on digital logic design: Design and implementation,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 37, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2019.100618.
[24] P. Raheem, Fattah H. Hasan, Sameer Algburi, and Sarah B. Ezzat, “Investigating the Impact of Internal and External Factors on Solar Cell Performance to Enhance Energy Conversion Efficiency,” NTU Journal of Renewable Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 14–23, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.56286/x12hd434.
[25] L. G. Hua et al., “Comparative Analysis of Power Output, Fill Factor, and Efficiency at Fixed and Variable Tilt Angles for Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Panels—The Case of Sukkur IBA University,” Energies (Basel)., vol. 15, no. 11, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15113917.
[26] D. Atsu, I. Seres, and I. Farkas, “The state of solar PV and performance analysis of different PV technologies grid-connected installations in Hungary,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 141, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110808.
[27] V. Muniyandi, V. K. Reddy Majji, M. Ravindra, R. Adireddy, and A. K. Balasubramanian, “Feature selection-based irradiance forecast for efficient operation of a stand-alone PV system,” Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation, vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.geits.2025.100308.
[28] B. Rinchi, R. Dababseh, M. Jubran, S. Al-Dahidi, M. E. B. Abdalla, and O. Ayadi, “Global prediction of optimal solar panel tilt angles via machine learning,” Appl. Energy, vol. 382, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125322.
[29] H. Nadeem, R. J. Milcarek, C. A. Miller, and E. B. Stechel, “Impact of Panel Tilt Angle and Tracking Configuration on Solar PV and Energy Storage Capacity for a Carbon-Neutral Grid in Arizona,” Energies (Basel)., vol. 18, no. 18, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.3390/en18184974.
[30] K. Kumba, P. Upender, P. Buduma, M. Sarkar, S. P. Simon, and V. Gundu, “Solar tracking systems: Advancements, challenges, and future directions: A review,” Dec. 01, 2024, Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.09.038.
[31] R. Sadeghi, M. Parenti, S. Memme, M. Fossa, and S. Morchio, “A Review and Comparative Analysis of Solar Tracking Systems,” May 01, 2025, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). doi: 10.3390/en18102553.
[32] N. Guler, Z. Ben Hazem, I. A. R. Moghrabi, and A. Gunes, “A fuzzy logic controlled solar tilt angle optimization for renewable energy applications,” Franklin Open, vol. 13, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100420.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Seflahir Dinata, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Fariq Alamsyahid Al Ghiffari, Didik Krisyanto, Heranudin Heranudin, Sunardi Sunardi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
