Evaluation and Design Public Facilities for People with Disabilities in Al-Hakim Mosque, Indonesia

— Public facilities can be accessed by everyone, whether they have physical limitations or not.The Al-Hakim Mosque in Padang City is one of the facilities that is a place of worship for Muslims as well as a tourist attraction in West Sumatra.The research was conducted by identifying the inhibiting factors for persons with disabilities when using these facilities, designing these facilities to be easy to use by persons with disabilities (especially wheelchair users), and making a budget plan for making these facilities. Identification of inhibiting factors is done by making checklist to see the various obstacles experienced by wheelchair users and selecting anthropometric variables needed in designing public facilities. The results of this study are in the form of public facility designs that can be used by wheelchair users, the percentage of the suitability of these public facilities after the design is carried out, and the costs required to build these facilities.


Introduction
Every human being has the right to live life when at home, office, or in a public place. When in public, the facilities are only adequate for people with don't have a physical disability. Disabilities people do not have access when at public places, because the facilities are less or not available for people with disabilities. People with disabilities are often underestimated, this is because their needs are difficult to fulfill (Jumarni, 2017). The number of persons with disabilities in Indonesia is quite large. Data obtained from the social ministry of the Republic Indonesia in 2021 say that the highest number of people with disabilities is in West Java Province with a total of 27,595 people and the lowest number of people with disabilities is in West Papua Province with a total of 296 people. West Sumatra is ranked 11th among 34 provinces in Indonesia with a total of 6,745 persons with disabilities. the number of people with disabilities with physical illness or movement disorders is the highest number with 65,450 people and chronic disease is the least number with 2487 people. The number of people with disabilities, especially in West Sumatra, has quite a large number and the number of physically ill has the highest number of other diseases experienced by people with disabilities in Indonesia, so it is necessary to conduct research related to the use of public facilities for them.
There are several things of concern for persons with disabilities when in public places. This makes it difficult for people with disabilities to carry out activities when in public places because of the lack or absence of public facilities for them. Some examples of the lack or absence of these facilities are the absence of handrails in the toilets, the absence of a flat hiking trail for wheelchair users, the absence of symbols for persons with disabilities to inform persons with disabilities that these facilities can be used by persons with disabilities. Indonesia has set how to design public facilities so that they can be used easily for everyone without exception. The regulation is stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017. This regulation is made so that everyone including persons with disabilities is able and easy to use the existing public facilities to carry out life activities. In addition to the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017, there are more universal design rules for public facilities. This rule is called the Universal Design (UD) Standard. This rule applies to all facilities in each country.
A survey has been conducted on users of public facilities at the Al-Hakim Mosque in Padang City to find out whether these public facilities are easy to use for people with disabilities, especially for wheelchair users. The total number of surveys conducted was 17 people. The survey results say that 91% of public facilities for men's toilets are not yet easily accessible for wheelchair users, 92% stated that the facilities for men's ablution are still not easily accessible for wheelchair users, as many as 41% stated that the road ramp in front of the mosque was easily accessible even though, as many as 82% said that the ramp in the men's toilet is not yet easily accessible for wheelchair users, the majority of respondents said it was necessary to add handwashing facilities for wheelchair users. This is because wheelchair users find it difficult to reach the ablution facilities which also function as hand washing facilities for the general public, as many as 88% stated that the parking lot is not yet easily accessible for wheelchair users. Based on the previous research that has been done regarding evaluation and designing public facilities for disabled people, the research only discusses the design of public facilities for disabled people with one standard, namely the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017. This research only discusses two public facilities plus one additional public facility in the mosque and there is no budget plan if the public facilities will build that has been designed based on standards.

Methods
Persons according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) are people who suffer from something, while disability is a condition that damages or limits a person's mental and physical abilities. Ergonomics comes from the Greek words ergon and nomos. Ergon means 'work or effort', while nomos means 'rules'. Ergonomics is the study of human aspects and characteristics (ability, strengths, limitations, etc.) related to work and processing the information obtained to design good products, tools, machines, environment, and work systems. Productive work systems and good work quality as well as ease, comfort, and work efficiency with due regard to occupational health and safety are the main objectives of ergonomics (Iridiastadi and Yassierli, 2014).
Anthropometry comes from the word Anthropos which means human and metricos which means measurement. Anthropometry can be defined as the science that deals with aspects of human physical size. . Anthropometry is a science that covers measurement methods, modeling the dimensions of the human body, and application techniques to make designs. Anthropometry is divided into two types, namely structural anthropometry (static) and functional anthropometry (dynamic). The results of static or dynamic anthropometric measurements are generally called anthropometric data (Iridiastadi and Yassierli, 2014).

Result and Discussion
Public facilities for toilets, ablution places, ram, hand washing basins, and parking spaces at the Al-Hakim Mosque, Padang City were evaluated. The evaluation was carried out by making a checklist table for the suitability of toilet facilities, ablution facilities, ramp, hand washing basins, and parking lots based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017. Public facilities for toilets, ablution places, ramp, hand washing basins, and parking spaces at the Al-Hakim Mosque, Padang City were evaluated. A large percentage of the suitability of public facilities is obtained based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017. The following is the result of calculating the percentage of suitability for toilet facilities, ablution places, rams, hand washing basins, and parking lots which can be seen in Table 1. Based on the percentage of conformity of toilet facilities, ablution places, ramp, hand washing basins, and parking lots that are still not following the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017, it is necessary to make improvements to the design of these facilities based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017 so that the facility is by the requirements in Indonesia and based on the Universal Design Standard so that the design can be used by the general public at large for wheelchair users.

Improvement of Public Facilities Design
The size of the wheelchair refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017 and Indonesian anthropometric data. Size of wheelchair can be seen in Table 2. Constraints for wheelchair users when using the toilet: ─ The size of the toilet is not following the standards that have been set so that wheelchair users have limited space for movement. ─ The width of the toilet door is 78 cm, making it difficult for persons with disabilities to enter the toilet because the width of the door for persons with disabilities is at least 90 cm. ─ The toilet is not equipped with a sink or sink. ─ The toilet is not equipped with a handrail. ─ The toilet is not equipped with a trash can. ─ The toilet door is not equipped with a kick plate. ─ The toilet door is not equipped with a symbol for persons with disabilities.
From the constraints mentioned, the following are recommendations for designing toilet facilities for wheelchair users: ─ The size of the toilet is adjusted to the standards that have been set for wheelchair users. ─ The width of the toilet door is adjusted to the size that ─ The toilet is equipped with a sink. The design for the toilet based on Universal Design Standard can be seen in Fig. 3. The design for the ablution place based on Universal Design Standard can be seen in Fig. 5.

• Ramp
Constraints for wheelchair users when using road ramp: ─ There is no flat surface as a resting place. ─ There is no handrail on the road ramp in front of the mosque. ─ The shape of the road ramp in the male toilet is circular (helix) and has no flat surface, thus making wheelchair users overwhelmed when using this facility.
From the constraints that have been mentioned, the following are recommendations for designing road ramp facilities for wheelchair users: ─ Adjustment of the dimensions of the road ramp based on the regulations and dimensions of wheelchair users so that they are easily accessible by wheelchair users. ─ Adding a handrail to the road ramp in front of the mosque. ─ Make a flat surface for the road ramp, so that wheelchair users do not get tired easily when using these facilities. ─ Change the shape of the road ramp in the men's toilet to a square shape, making it possible to make a flat surface on the ramp.
The design for the Ramp in front of the mosque based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017 can be seen in Fig. 6. The design for the Ramp in front of the mosque based on Universal Design Standard can be seen in Fig. 8.

Fig. 8. Ramp in Front of the Mosque based on the Universal Design Standard
The design for the ramp at the men toilet based on Universal Design Standard can be seen in Fig. 9. The design for the parking lot based on Universal Design Standard can be seen in Fig. 13.

Fig. 13. Parking Lot based on the Universal Design Standard
Of the 3 obstacles mentioned, the following are recommendations for improving the design of parking facilities for wheelchair users: ─ There must be a parking space for wheelchair users. ─ A parking space symbol for wheelchair users is provided.
The size of the parking lot for wheelchair users must be made so that wheelchair users can use the facility.

Conclusion
The inhibiting factors of the public facilities studied at the Al-Hakim Mosque in Padang City can be seen from the criteria contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 14/PRT/M/2017. Based on these criteria, the percentage of facility suitability can be calculated. The percentage of suitability for male toilet facilities is 50%, male ablution places are 77%, road ramp is 33%, hand washing basins are 0%, and parking spaces are 0%. Design improvements that have been made based on anthropometric data, Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 14/PRT/M/2017, and Universal Design Standards. There are some addition stuffs for ablution places, toilet, road ramp, hand washing basins, and parking lots. There is an increase in the suitability of the designed public facilities. For toilet facilities, the percentage of conformity is 82%, ablution facilities are 92%, road ramp in front of the mosque and men's toilets are 100%, hand washing basins are 75%, and parking lots are 100%. The amount of financial planning that has been made in the design of public facilities With this facility design, there will be benefits if the design is implemented, namely wheelchair users can use public facilities at the mosque easily without any obstacles, the Al-Hakim Mosque in Padang City can use this design as a guide if they will implement the facility which is friendly for wheelchair users, and the Padang City Al-hakim Mosque can see a reference for how much budget will be spent if they plan to design public facilities for people with disabilities according to standards.